Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Patients with Malocclusion: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65293/jbkcd.v3i02.71Keywords:
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, TMD, Malocclusion, Prevalence, OrthodonticsAbstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are multifactorial conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Malocclusion has been suggested as a contributing factor; however, its association with TMD remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TMD among patients with malocclusion and to evaluate its association with different classes of malocclusion.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted over a period of one year, from January 2024 to December 2024, at the Department of Orthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD), Peshawar.
Materials and Methods: A total of 190 patients diagnosed with malocclusion were included in this study. Malocclusion was classified according to Angle’s classification (Class I, II, and III), and Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were assessed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Demographic variables were recorded for all participants. Associations between variables were analyzed using the chi-square test, while multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of TMD. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of TMD among patients with malocclusion was 41.1% (78/190). TMD prevalence was 25.0% in Class I, 50.0% in Class II, and 57.5% in Class III malocclusion. A significant association was found between malocclusion class and TMD (χ² = 14.62, p = 0.001). Females had a higher prevalence of TMD than males (48.2% vs 30.8%, p = 0.011). Logistic regression showed that Class II (Adjusted OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.39–6.01) and Class III malocclusion (Adjusted OR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.54–8.05) were significant independent predictors of TMD.
Conclusion: TMD was common among patients representing at orthodontic department of KCD, Peshawar with malocclusion, particularly in Class II and III cases. Early orthodontic evaluation and interdisciplinary management may help reduce the burden of TMD.
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