Periodontal Disease as an Indicator of General Health: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Syed Imran Gillani; Syed Muhammad Junaid; Sana Wazir

doi:10.65293/jbkcd.v2i01.28

Authors

Syed Imran Gillani Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Syed Muhammad Junaid Assistant Professor, Medical Education/IHPER, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Sana Wazir Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65293/jbkcd.v2i01.28

Keywords:

Periodontal Disease, Obesity, Diabetes, Lung Function, FEV1, HbA1c, Smoking, Hypertension

Abstract

Objective: This study examined associations between periodontal disease, metabolic health markers, and pulmonary function in a diverse population.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, from August 2023 to December 2023.

Materials and Methods: A total of 310 participants were assessed for demographic characteristics, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), and periodontal health. Participants were categorized by periodontal severity, BMI, HbA1c, and lung function status. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Of the participants, 48.4% were male, 25.8% current smokers, 19.4% diabetic, and 29% hypertensive. Severe periodontal disease affected 16.1%, while 22.6% were obese. Severity of periodontal disease was significantly associated with age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity (p < 0.001). Individuals with severe periodontal disease showed higher BMI (29.3 ± 4.9), elevated HbA1c (6.8 ± 0.9), and lower FEV1% (65.8 ± 12.7), all statistically significant (p < 0.001). Pulmonary function also declined in participants with obesity and diabetes, and those with higher HbA1c were more likely to present with severe impairment (FEV1% <60%) (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Periodontal disease, metabolic disorders, and reduced lung function are strongly interrelated. The findings highlight the importance of integrated healthcare strategies targeting oral health, metabolic control, and respiratory function to reduce the overall burden of disease.

Author Biography

Syed Muhammad Junaid, Assistant Professor, Medical Education/IHPER, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Corresponding Author: muhammadjunaid.ihpe@kmu.edu.pk

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